See self-reference on Wiktionary
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"(transitive, uncommon) To reference itself or oneself."
],
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{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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{
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"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sebevztažnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sebereference"
},
{
"code": "cs",
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"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoreference"
},
{
"code": "nl",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zelfreferentie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "sinaludo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "itseviittaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoréférence"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "auto-référence"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Selbstreferenz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Selbstreferenzialität"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "aftoanaforá",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αυτοαναφορά"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "önhivatkozás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoreferenza"
},
{
"alt": "じこげんきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jikogenkyū",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "自己言及"
},
{
"alt": "じこさんしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jikosanshō",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "自己参照"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jagi eon'geup",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "자기 언급"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jagi chamjo",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "자기 참조"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoreferencja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autorreferência"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "samoreferéncija",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "саморефере́нция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autorreferencia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "självreferens"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "avtoreferencija",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "автореференція f самореференція"
}
]
}
],
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nOld English self-\nMiddle English self-\nEnglish self-\nEnglish reference\nEnglish self-reference\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*selbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*selbaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"reference\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self-reference\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"self-reference\">\nFrom self- + reference.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nOld English self-\nMiddle English self-\nEnglish self-\nEnglish reference\nEnglish self-reference\nFrom self- + reference.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "self-references",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "self-referencing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "self-referenced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "self-referenced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "self-reference (third-person singular simple present self-references, present participle self-referencing, simple past and past participle self-referenced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To reference itself or oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, uncommon) To reference itself or oneself."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoreferència"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sebevztažnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sebereference"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoreference"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zelfreferentie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "sinaludo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "itseviittaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoréférence"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "auto-référence"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Selbstreferenz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Selbstreferenzialität"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "aftoanaforá",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αυτοαναφορά"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "önhivatkozás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoreferenza"
},
{
"alt": "じこげんきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jikogenkyū",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "自己言及"
},
{
"alt": "じこさんしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jikosanshō",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "自己参照"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jagi eon'geup",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "자기 언급"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jagi chamjo",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"word": "자기 참조"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoreferencja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autorreferência"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "samoreferéncija",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "саморефере́нция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autorreferencia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "självreferens"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "avtoreferencija",
"sense": "act or process of referring to itself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "автореференція f самореференція"
}
],
"word": "self-reference"
}
Download raw JSONL data for self-reference meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": samoreferencija vs. avtoreferencija",
"path": [
"self-reference"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "self-reference",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.